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Spurges
Euphorbia
Euphorbia is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae.
Euphorbias all share the feature of having a poisonous, latex-like sap and unique floral structures. When viewed as a whole, the head of flowers looks like a single flower (a pseudanthium). It has a unique kind of pseudanthium, called a cyathium, where each flower in the head is reduced to its barest essential part needed for sexual reproduction. The individual flowers are either male or female, with the male flowers reduced to only the stamen, and the females to the pistil. These flowers have no sepals, petals, or other parts that are typical of flowers in other kinds of plants. Structures supporting the flower head and other structures underneath have evolved to attract pollinators with nectar, and with shapes and colors that function in a way petals and other flower parts do in other flowers. It is the only genus of plants that has all three kinds of photosynthesis; CAM, C3, and C4.
60 branches of this genus, most-observed first
Esula
subgenusEsula
Chamaesyce
subgenusChamaesyce
Subgenus Euphorbia
subgenusEuphorbia
Athymalus
subgenusAthymalus
Euphorbia agatheae
speciesEuphorbia agatheae
Euphorbia mtolohensis
speciesEuphorbia mtolohensis
Euphorbia huttoniae
speciesEuphorbia huttoniae
Euphorbia kouandenensis
speciesEuphorbia kouandenensis
Euphorbia lioui
speciesEuphorbia lioui
Euphorbia × stenocalli
hybridEuphorbia × stenocalli
Euphorbia eranthes
speciesEuphorbia eranthes
Euphorbia pisidica
speciesEuphorbia pisidica
Euphorbia baga
speciesEuphorbia baga
Euphorbia triphylla
speciesEuphorbia triphylla
Euphorbia charleswilsoniana
speciesEuphorbia charleswilsoniana
Euphorbia gypsicola
speciesEuphorbia gypsicola
Euphorbia parifolia
speciesEuphorbia parifolia
Euphorbia pestalozzae
speciesEuphorbia pestalozzae
Euphorbia kalbaensis
speciesEuphorbia kalbaensis
Euphorbia imperatae
speciesEuphorbia imperatae
Euphorbia tsihombensis
speciesEuphorbia tsihombensis
Euphorbia lucii-smithii
speciesEuphorbia lucii-smithii
Euphorbia tommasiniana
speciesEuphorbia tommasiniana
Euphorbia filicaulis
speciesEuphorbia filicaulis
Euphorbia × marreroi
hybridEuphorbia × marreroi
Euphorbia fuscolanata
speciesEuphorbia fuscolanata
Euphorbia larranagae
speciesEuphorbia larranagae
Euphorbia bokorensis
speciesEuphorbia bokorensis
Euphorbia antonii
speciesEuphorbia antonii
Euphorbia heraldiana
speciesEuphorbia heraldiana
Euphorbia hainanensis
speciesEuphorbia hainanensis
Euphorbia yemenica
speciesEuphorbia yemenica
Euphorbia zeylana
speciesEuphorbia zeylana
Euphorbia × navae
hybridEuphorbia × navae
Euphorbia capansa
speciesEuphorbia capansa
Euphorbia carinifolia
speciesEuphorbia carinifolia
Euphorbia chiogenes
speciesEuphorbia chiogenes
Euphorbia crassinodis
speciesEuphorbia crassinodis
Euphorbia cruentata
speciesEuphorbia cruentata
Euphorbia culminicola
speciesEuphorbia culminicola
Euphorbia digestiva
speciesEuphorbia digestiva
Euphorbia dilobadena
speciesEuphorbia dilobadena
Euphorbia diuretica
speciesEuphorbia diuretica
Euphorbia elymaitica
speciesEuphorbia elymaitica
Euphorbia excisa
speciesEuphorbia excisa
Euphorbia garkeana
speciesEuphorbia garkeana
Euphorbia gaubae
speciesEuphorbia gaubae
Euphorbia grandilobata
speciesEuphorbia grandilobata
Euphorbia guineensis
speciesEuphorbia guineensis
Euphorbia herteri
speciesEuphorbia herteri
Euphorbia iloitaii
speciesEuphorbia iloitaii
Euphorbia × jablonskiana
hybridEuphorbia × jablonskiana
Euphorbia juvoklanti
speciesEuphorbia juvoklanti
Euphorbia limaensis
speciesEuphorbia limaensis
Euphorbia lingiana
speciesEuphorbia lingiana
Euphorbia linearibracteata
speciesEuphorbia linearibracteata
Euphorbia × segobricensis
hybridEuphorbia × segobricensis
Euphorbia × gayeri
hybridEuphorbia × gayeri
Euphorbia × pseudolucida
hybridEuphorbia × pseudolucida
Euphorbia antsingiensis
speciesEuphorbia antsingiensis
Where it lives
Recorded sightings
—
geo-referenced records in GBIF, from museums, herbaria and field observers.
Drag the globe to turn it. Dots are where records exist, not a range map; darker means more records.
In the old herbals & bestiaries
Compendium of Materia Medica
李時珍 · 1596 · p.83
Latin Herbal with German Synonyms
1486 · p.102
Garden of Health (Hortus Sanitatis)
Jacob Meydenbach · 1491 · p.368
The Great Herbary with all the figures of the herbs
1532 · p.140
The Great Herbary with all the figures of the herbs
1532 · p.306
Notable Commentaries on the History of Plants
Leonhart Fuchs · 1542 · p.637
Notable Commentaries on the History of Plants
Leonhart Fuchs · 1549 · p.635
On the Names of Plants
Hieronymus Bock (Tragus) · 1552 · p.369
Commentaries on the Six Books of Pedanius Dioscorides on Medical Matter
Pietro Andrea Mattioli · 1565 · p.1430
Discourses on the Six Books of Dioscorides
Dioscorides; Pietro Andrea Mattioli (comm.) · 1568 · p.1503
Discourses on the Six Books of Dioscorides
Dioscorides; Pietro Andrea Mattioli (comm.) · 1568 · p.1495
Discourses on the Six Books of Dioscorides
Dioscorides; Pietro Andrea Mattioli (comm.) · 1568 · p.1498
In the stacks
Searching the stacks…
Every page naming Euphorbia in the Biodiversity Heritage Library →
This page is assembled live from iNaturalist, GBIF, Wikipedia, the Source Library and the Internet Archive. It is not yet part of the hand-edited codex. iNaturalist taxon 51822.