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NL·0441AnimalsFalconidaeBird68,604 field observations
Crested caracaraNL·0441
Plate 1 of 8. (c) Matt Blue, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Matt Blue · via iNaturalist

Herbarium of the Nature Library

Name
Caracara plancus
Family
Falconidae
Native to
Florida, Texas and Arizona south through Mexico, Central America and South America to Tierra del Fuego
Habitat
Grassland, Savanna, Ranchland, Desert scrub
IUCN LC · Least concern

On eBird ↗

Crested Caracara

Live sightings near you, the range map, bar charts of when it is seen, and Macaulay Library photos and recordings.

Crested caracara

Caracara plancus

Also calledCarancho (Spanish, Southern Cone) · Carcará (Portuguese, from Tupi) · Quebrantahuesos (Spanish, Mexico) · Mexican eagle (English, Texas)

A long-legged, eagle-like falcon with a bare red face that walks the ground scavenging and hunting. It is as likely to be found at a roadkill or behind a plough as on the wing.

The crested caracara is a bird of prey (raptor) in the falcon family, Falconidae. It was formerly placed in the genus Polyborus before being given in its own genus, Caracara. It is native to and found in the southern and southeastern United States, Mexico and the majority of mainland Latin America, as well as some Caribbean islands. The crested caracara is quite adaptable and hardy, for a species found predominantly in the neotropics; it can be found in a range of environments and ecosystems, including semi-arid and desert climates, maritime or coastal areas, subtropical and tropical forests, temperate regions, plains, swamps, and even in urban areas. Documented, albeit rare, sightings have occurred as far north as Minnesota and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Prince Edward Island. The southern extent of the crested caracara's distribution can reach as far as Tierra del Fuego and Magallanes Region, Chile. Wikipedia

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What it can do

  1. iHunts on foot, turning over debris and dung for insects and small animals
  2. iiRobs vultures and other birds of food
  3. iiiFollows tractors, fires and cattle to catch flushed prey
  4. ivThrows its head back over its back while calling
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In the field

Field marks

  • aBlack cap and shaggy crest above bare red-orange to yellow facial skin
  • bHeavy, pale bluish hooked bill
  • cWhite throat and neck; barred breast; black belly
  • dIn flight: white patches near the wingtips and white tail with a black terminal band; long yellow legs
Voice
A dry, harsh rattle, given with the head thrown back; the name 'caracara' imitates it.
Not to be confused with
Black Vulture has a bare grey head and lacks the white neck. Bald Eagle immature lacks the black cap and orange face.
Where to see it
Ranchland of central Florida (Kissimmee Prairie), south Texas, the Pantanal and the Argentine Pampas.
When
Resident year-round
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Listen

Looking for field recordings…

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Life & habits

Diet
Carrion, insects, small mammals, reptiles, fish and eggs
Habitat
Open country — prairies, pastures, savanna, desert scrub
Size
49–64 cm; wingspan about 120 cm; 0.8–1.6 kg

Unlike most falcons, it builds its own stick nest, often in palms or cacti.

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Where it lives

Recorded sightings

—

geo-referenced records in GBIF, from museums, herbaria and field observers.

Native range

Florida, Texas and Arizona south through Mexico, Central America and South America to Tierra del Fuego

Drag the globe to turn it. Dots are where records exist, not a range map; darker means more records.

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In the old herbals & bestiaries

No plate in the Source Library names this exact species, so these show its closest relatives as the old naturalists drew them: same genus, or the same kind of animal. Click a plate to read the page it came from, with translation.

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In the stacks

Searching the stacks…

Every page naming Caracara plancus in the Biodiversity Heritage Library →

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Marginalia

Some historians argue that the bird in the Aztec founding legend of Tenochtitlan — an eagle on a cactus devouring a snake — was a caracara, though Mexico's coat of arms shows a Golden Eagle; in Brazil, João do Vale's 1964 song 'Carcará' made it a symbol of the drought-hardened north-east.

Curiosity

The Florida population is federally listed as threatened in the US because of the loss of native prairie.

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Kinship

  1. kingdomAnimalia
  2. ›phylumChordata
  3. ›subphylumVertebrata
  4. ›classAves
  5. ›orderFalconiformes
  6. ›familyFalconidae
  7. ›genusCaracara
Open its branch on the Wheel of Life →

Photographs: iNaturalist contributors under the licences shown. Records: GBIF.org. Historical plates: Source Library (CC BY-SA 4.0; originals public domain). Summary text: Nature Library editors and Wikipedia (CC BY-SA). Medicinal and edibility notes are historical and educational, not advice. iNaturalist taxon 4715.