White-spotted Foot-flagging Frog

The species is found in northern Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and northeastern Kalimantan (Indonesia) at up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) above sea level. A smaller relative, only known from the Crocker Range in Sabah (Malaysia), was described as S. parvus. Later, it was considered a junior synonym of S. tuberilinguis, but more recently it was confirmed to be distinct according to morphological and DNA sequence data. This frog is commonly found along the banks of small, rocky streams with clear water in primary rainforests. They can often be seen perched on rocks or other vegetation near water, usually around the rapids. They breed in streams and the males vocalize during the day. Like other members of Staurois, they use visual signalling to attract mates.

Ontogenetic development When S. parvus first metamorphosize from being a tadpole, they possess white and bluish coloration on their feet to assist with visual signaling. As they age from juvenile to adult this coloration increases in brightness to enhance their visual conspicuousness. Meta-analytical studies have shown that this ontogenetic change in coloration happens along with sexual development and maturity in S. parvus. In terms of bodily changes, S. parvus juveniles begin as bright green, which serve as a form of camouflage as the species is known to dwell nearly mossy rocks next to rivers and streams in rainforest environments.