bucktoothed tetra

description

1. Contact between frontals anteriorly to frontal fontanel (21): (0> 1) present. Reversal of synapomorphy 4 of node 206. Paralleled in Bario steindachneri, Galeocharax humeralis, Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis, and Odontostoechus lethostigmus. Some trees: Paralleled in Knodus breviceps. 2. Morphology of premaxillary, maxillary, and dentary teeth (118): (1> 0) all teeth conical, caniniform or mamilliform. Paralleled in the Heterocharacinae, in nodes 174, 181, and 211, and in Axelrodia lindeae and Grundulus cochae. 3. Form of quadrate (150): (0> 1) with anterodorsal portion equal or longer than ventral region. Paralleled in the Pseudochalceus clade, in nodes 170, 176, 211, and 299, and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus. 4. Position of longitudinal cartilage dorsal to ectopterygoid (161): (0> 1) displaced laterally and separated from medial margin of mesopterygoid. Paralleled in nodes 211 and 300. 5. Relative position of dorsal-fin anterior insertion (265): (1> 0) anterior to or at vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Paralleled in node 282 and in Creagrutus anary, Moenkhausia xinguensis, and Parecbasis cyclolepis. 6. Bony hooks on fin rays (307): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in the Gymnocharacina

Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy