Prionobrama paraguayensis

description

1. Number of teeth in inner premaxillary row (130): (0> 1) eight or more. Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae, in node 170, and in Brycon orbignyanus, Grundulus cochae, Phenacogaster tegatus, and Salminus brasiliensis. 2. Contact between ectopterygoid and anterodorsal region of quadrate (162): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 184 and 242, and in Aphyocharax dentatus, Engraulisoma taeniatum, and Stichonodon insignis. Some trees: Paralleled in the Cheirodontinae and in Microschemobrycon casiquiare. 3. Form and degree of ossification of first ceratobranchial gill rakers (200): (0> 1) rather thick and completely ossified distal region. Paralleled in nodes 176, 212, and 299 and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus and Pristella maxillaris. 4. Base of second pectoral ray (231): (1> 0) large and partially overlapping base of first pectoral ray from medial view. Paralleled in nodes 164 and 301 and in Moenkhausia dichroura and Tetragonopterus argenteus. 5. Posterior margin of cleithrum (235): (0> 1) with markedly concave margin, almost forming straight angle. Paralleled in nodes 162, 247, and 253 and in Agoniates anchovia, Attonitus ephimeros, Characidium borellii, Iguanodectes geisleri, Moenkhausia cf

Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy